Networking - Http Server (Apache)

The Apache web server is used in Ubuntu to build HTTP server. Follow the below commands,


Stage 1] Execute the below command to install Apache web server from internet.

susanta@admin:~$  sudo  apt-get  install  apache2

After installation the root configuration files and web resource director are
 /etc/apache2 and /var/www respectively.



Stage 2] The main configuration file is /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.

susanta@admin:~$  sudo gedit  /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Stage 3] If Domain Name Server (DNS) is not installed then modify the hosts file to configure Domain Name.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/hostname

Here, admin.home.com is a fully qualified domain name.
 

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/hosts

Stage 4] Modify the /etc/apache2/sites-available/default file to select the domain name and the document path which will be opened in the browser.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

<VirtualHost admin.home.com:80>
    ServerAdmin susanta@admin.home.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www
 
    <Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
    </Directory>

    <Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>

    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
    <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
        AllowOverride None
        Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

Here, /var/www/ is the document directory and inside the director there is file called index.html which will be opened in browser.



Stage 5] Now start or reload the apache server to get affect change.

susanta@admin:~$ service apache2 start

or
susanta@admin:~$ service apache2 reload


Stage 6] Open a browser and write the domain name admin.home.com.

Stage 7] Apache can configure number of different virtual domain name(s) by using same IP address. To do this, we need to copy /etc/apache2/sites-available/default to /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default in deferent name.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo  cp  /etc/apache2/sites-available/default  /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite


Stage 8] Now edit the mysite file to create a virtual site.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo  gedit  /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mysite
<VirtualHost mysite.home.com:80>
    ServerAdmin susanta@mysite.home.com

    DocumentRoot /var/redhat

    <Directory /var/redhat>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride None
        Order allow,deny
        allow from all
    </Directory>
  
</VirtualHost>


Stage 9] Add the vertual domain name in /etc/hosts file.

susanta@admin:~$ sudo gedit /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1    localhost
127.0.1.1    admin.home.com
127.0.1.1    mysite.home.com


# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts





Stage 10] Now again reload the apache server to get affect change.

susanta@admin:~$ service apache2 reload


Stage 11] Open a browser and write the virtual domain name mysite.home.com